نشریه تحقیقات منابع طبیعی تجدید شونده
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، تابستان 1392)

Evaluation of Ground water quality to make use in agricultural industry is of special interest. The purpose of this study is to assess ground water quality used in irrigation of Roudab plain, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi province. Roudab plain encloses an area of approximately 392 km2 . Most of the groundwater is intended for supplementing agricultural water demand. This study strives for zoning ground water quality and qualification for drip and sprinkler irrigation with the aid of GIS. Results of water quality zoning in agricultural sector based on Wilcox classification showed that the groundwater of this region falls into intermediate (54%) and unsuitable water classes (46%). Also, 39% of groundwater has little impact on soil permeability, however, in terms of EC (60%) and TDS (56%), groundwater application impose severe limitations for irrigation. In the case of zoning drip and sprinkler irrigation suitability levels of acidity, chlorine and total dissolved solids (TDS) were23 and 86, respectively. Besides, 53% of the area exceed permissible levels, while total area by sprinkler irrigation application will have suitable level of acidity while impermissible concentrations of sodium and chlorine.

In this study, concentration of five micro elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn in eight species of rangeland forbs Prangus uloptera, Medicago sativa, Lotus goeblia, Trifolium montanum, Sanguisorba minor, Stachys inflate, Melilotus officinalis and Ferula ovina were Measured. The species at three phenological stages of vegetative, flowering and seeding were randomly sampled from Rangelands of Taleghan. To measure micro elements, atomic absorption devices was used. For comparison of amounts elements with the required level ram of NRC-2007 Table were used. The results showed that the amount Zn in most species at all phenological stages was less than the required level of ram, but the amount of Fe, Co, Mn and Co in all species at three phenological stage were less than the required level of ram, but the amount of Fe, Co, Mn and Co in all species at three phenological stage were higher than required amount of fashandi race ram. According to the shortage of Zn use of mineral supplements for stay healthy dominant livestock area and reach the optimum level of livestock performance are necessary.

Study of vegetation composition is necessary for indication of the plants existence and condition. The vegetation identification has a crucial importance because of their fundamental role in the bioscience and the knowledge and utilization of natural environment. Accordingly, the current study has been done to consider the distribution and diversity of meadows in Iran and their importance on forage production. In this regard, plants were collected and classified base on life form, bioform and their Lifespan in order to study the floristic of meadows. Our survey was carried out in Parvar area which showed that this area had 54 species, 45 genus and 22 families. Poaceae with 18 species and Asteraceae with 6 species had the highest abundance in the region. The main vegetation compositions of meadows were included a variety of grasses and grass-like form. Furthermore, Hemi-cryptophytes were the main Bio-form in this area that demonstrated the cool and moderate climate.

The classification of pastures is an important issue in management and optimum use of pastures. The attempt of this study is to use a numeral taxonomy and factor analysis methods were applied to classify the grassland areas in Zanjan Province in 1390. The results of the study indicates that out of 59 grassland projects in the province, 75%, 66% and 75% are good, average and weak respectively. The results also show that factors such as infrastructure and utilizing are the main factors affecting on numbers of row in the model. Therefore, it would be suggested that planting, seeding, use of fertilizer, and livestock reduction in standard grasslands could help to improve the status of grasslands in the study area.

This research attempts to introduce a regional floristic list of Iivar, north of Khorasan province. Plants were collected by field survey and identified whit help of taxonomy resources. Also, use of native plant species and the palatibility amount for region animal of people asking found. The results showed that 109 plant species belonging to 24 families are habituated in the area. Asteracea was the largest plant families in terms of number of species (21 species) followed by Poaceae (15 species), Lamiaceae (10 species), Caryophyllaceae and Brassicaceae (6 species). 23 species with value of forage use had the highest value in terms of use according the account devoted by users.Based on the stability or longevity, 33 annual species, 4 biennial species and 72 perennial species were identified in the region. 71 species whit growing form of broad leaf showed the highest growing form of watershed. 95 species based on the palatability terms belonged to the rangeland class III, while 14 species had low values of the range class II. Hemicryptophytes (53 species), therophytes (26 species) and chamaephytes (13 species) were the most biological form. Furthermore, Irano-turanian (79 species), Irano-turanian, Sahar-sandy (9 species) and Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean (8 species) in the region had the greatest geographical distribution. Based on the results, non-palatability species due to high pressure on the region have distributed in the study area and, therefore, management efforts should be made to prevent this process from being exposed to a variety of plant.

The economic valuation is a basic strategy in improving of environmental policies to achieve ecologically sustainable development. Given these mechanisms lead to an increase in human welfare. Hence, it is important to quantify and understand these resources. In this study, for value of environmental satisfactoriness of Chitgar forest parks, the recreational values were estimated using contingent valuation method, Factors affecting the satisfactoriness using logit models, respectively. The study in 2010 and stratified random sampling area were collected from 242 tourists. The variables of suggested fee, family monthly revenue, the educational level, satisfaction rate, age, the inclination to revisit, and spring and summer has a meaningful effect on people's inclination to pay for taking advantage of recreational useing of this park. The meaningfulness of three variables the suggested fee, family monthly revenue and the educational level is similar to research findings in another forestall parks. WTP for acquiring recreational amenities of Forest Park Chitgar per person per visit was 2559.9 Rials. The rate of forest compared to other parks in the north generally significantly lower. Difference beauty of this park, resulting in significantly different willingness to pay for the acquisition of recreational satisfactoriness they have. Therefore, measures should be taken to increase their satisfaction. The construction of facilities and infrastructure to attract tourists by encouraging and supporting the private sector to invest in this park is recommended.